MTTC Integrated Science (Secondary) (094) Practice Test

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• Which is the correct order of spectral types from hottest to coolest?
• Which biome is commonly found in mid-latitude regions with distinct seasons?
• Which National Science Education Standards emphasizes developing independent inquirers about the natural world?
• Which statement best describes glycolysis?
• During replication, which enzyme seals Okazaki fragments by joining them to form a continuous strand?
• Self-fertilization occurs in species that have both male and female reproductive parts within the same individual.
• Which statistic describes dispersion and how far data are from the mean?
• A parsec is defined as the distance at which one astronomical unit subtends one arcsecond; approximately how many light-years is a parsec?
• Diastolic blood flow refers to the phase when the heart relaxes and blood flows back into the heart.
• Which description matches the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?
• Which theories are proposed explanations for the origin of Earth's water?
• Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands secrete fluid into
• What is phototropism?
• Dioecious flowering plants are
• Which organ system includes the skin?
• Phenotype is:
• Which event is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs around 65 million years ago?
• Germination is the process of
• Monoecious flowering plants are
• Which set lists the tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?
• Heterotrophic is defined as what?
• What is the middle value of an ordered data set called?
• What is an equinox?
• What fraction of Earth's water is found in oceans?
• Which statement defines a scientific law?
• Platelets are best described as?
• Which tissue carries water and nutrients upward from the roots?
• Which statement best describes water's heat capacity?
• Approximately how many animal species exist, and how many major divisions are recognized?
• Which statement best describes punctuated equilibrium?
• Translocation is defined as:
• Which SI unit measures electric current?
• Active transport in cells that expels large particles from the cell is which process?
• What does the electron transport chain accomplish in cellular respiration?
• Uniformitarianism is also known as what?
• Which statement is true about simple fruits?
• Systolic blood flow refers to the phase when the heart muscle contracts and
• In protostome development, which structure forms the mouth?
• Polymorphism refers to
• Which statement about systematic errors is true?
• Which sequence is a stop codon?
• Which glycolytic pathway yields two ATP and two NADH per glucose?
• Phylogenetic means organisms related by evolutionary history.
• Which structure provides protection from disease, insects and water for the seed?
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the order?
• Bryophyta includes mosses and liverworts. It is best described as being nonvascular.
• Red blood cells (RBC) have what primary function?
• Islets of Langerhans are part of which gland type?
• Which scientist developed a hierarchical system for classifying living organisms?
• In deuterostomes, the anus forms from the blastopore. Which phyla are deuterostomes as listed?
• Thigmotropism is a plant's response to what?
• The cell cycle includes which processes?
• How is molecular oxygen proposed to have first appeared in Earth's atmosphere?
• Dendrites extend from the cell body and are primarily involved in receiving messages.
• Which statement about the gametophyte generation is correct?
• Which item is a step in the Scientific Method that often follows drawing conclusions?
• Which method did Linnaeus create for classifying living organisms?
• A gene is defined as:
• The Permian extinction is best described as which of the following?
• Auxins - occur naturally, can be synthesized, affect plant cell elongation, apical dominance and rooting. Which hormone primarily promotes cell elongation and apical dominance?
• Dendrites primarily function to
• Genetic drift refers to what kind of changes in allele frequencies?
• Which is the primary role of lenticels in woody stems?
• Which of the following best defines a hypothesis?
• Full Moon rises at sunset and sets at sunrise.
• Which of the following is a biome typically associated with high-latitude regions?
• Which statement about facilitated diffusion is true?
• When did the Cenozoic era begin?
• Nodes are areas where leaves develop.
• Which statement best describes what standard deviation indicates about a data set?
• What feature of DNA enables replication?
• Which era began after the Permian extinction?
• Which term is the value that appears most frequently in a data set?
• Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is not in the oceans?
• Which is the male part of a flower?
• Which term is defined as an explanation of events that always leads to the same outcome?
• Which era is known as the Age of the Dinosaurs?
• Which term describes growing new plants from existing plant parts?
• What are the three types of muscle tissue?
• Which scientist contributed the X-ray diffraction image that helped Watson and Crick develop the DNA double helix model?
• What is the difference between the highest and lowest numbers in a data set called?
• When preparing an acid solution, what is the recommended order of mixing water and acid?
• Which statement best identifies the strand that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork during DNA replication?
• Approximately what percentage of animal species are invertebrates?
• A monohybrid cross involves one trait and typically yields which phenotypic ratio for a single-gene trait?
• Which four macromolecules are produced by anabolic reactions?
• Which term is another name for uniformitarianism?
• Which type of fruit is produced when many flowers on a single structure develop into a single fruit, as seen in figs and pineapple?
• A parsec is used for measuring large distances and equals about how many light-years?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five kingdoms?
• Aphelion is defined as the point in a planet's orbit that is
• What is the term for rock from space before it hits the Earth's atmosphere?
• Which statement correctly describes base pairing in DNA?
• A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. Which option correctly describes this distance?
• In plant alternation of generations, which processes alternate?
• Which tissue type lines body surfaces and cavities and lacks blood vessels?
• Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate with net production of ATP and NADH in which cellular compartment?
• What is stratigraphy?
• Which statement best describes the Krebs cycle?
• What is the partially lighted area around the umbra called?
• During embryonic development, which stage is a hollow ball-like structure that typically attaches to the side of the uterus?
• A solstice is defined as which of the following?
• What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
• What does gradualism propose about the pace of evolutionary change?
• Which scientist is credited with creating the first genetic map for maize and demonstrating recombination and the role of transposition in trait changes?
• Oxidation involves which of the following in terms of electrons?
• According to the law of superposition, which statement is true?
• What is the function of helicase during DNA replication?
• Antiparallel orientation in DNA refers to what characteristic of the two strands during replication?
• Which biome is typical of high latitudes?
• What happens when a pollen grain fertilizes an ovule?
• Vertebrata corresponds to which taxonomic rank?
• What best defines a dihybrid cross?
• What describes a scientific fact?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the 11 organ systems in the material?
• Transpiration rate is influenced by which set of factors?
• What is the function of the E site in translation?
• Catabolic reactions are best described as which of the following?
• The sidereal day is about 4 minutes shorter than a solar day.
• Which concept explains evolution by differential survival and reproduction?
• What describes absolute dating?
• What does the law of superposition state?
• Which process engulfs large particles by the cell membrane (endocytosis)?
• Which statement describes a comet's tail?
• The primary purpose of respiration in plants is to metabolize sugar for energy.
• Co-dominance is best described as?
• During which season is the Northern Hemisphere tilted toward the Sun?
• In semiconservative DNA replication, what is true about the two replicated DNA molecules?
• Which gas accounts for about 1% of Earth's atmosphere?
• Which of the following is NOT a planet?
• In the mnemonic 'My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas', which planet is the fourth word?
• Smooth muscle is characterized by which features?
• Epistasis means?
• What does catastrophism refer to in geology?
• Which reservoir contains the majority of Earth's liquid surface water?
• Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a step in the Scientific Method as described?
• The astronomical unit (AU) is approximately how many kilometers?
• Founder's effect is best illustrated by which scenario?
• Chemiosmosis is primarily responsible for what cellular process?
• In the five-kingdom classification, what is the order of taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific as represented by the mnemonic 'King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup'?
• In spectral classification, stars are ordered from hottest to coolest, blue to red.
• Which scientists proposed the double helix structure of DNA and helped explain replication?
• In Gram staining, which color indicates Gram-positive bacteria?
• Which Moon phase rises and sets with the Sun?
• Dark matter is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement best describes passive transport?
• Monocot seed generally has how many cotyledons?
• The Pleistocene ice age began about 2.58 million years ago during which era?
• Allopatric speciation occurs due to what factor?
• Reduction is defined as which of the following?
• Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?
• Who is known as the father of genetics and studied inherited traits using pea plants?
• Pteridophytes are plants that use spores to reproduce and require water.
• During fragmentation, an organism breaks into pieces after maturation. Approximately how many pieces can the organism fragment into in some species?
• Which term describes the count and appearance of chromosomes in a cell?
• Which are the four basic building blocks for catabolic reactions?
• Gibberellins are primarily known for regulating which aspect of plant growth?
• Which scientist is associated with the idea that organisms become more complex as they move up a ladder of progress?
• In the terminology of tRNA binding sites, which site is designated as the start codon?
• Endosperm is:
• Radioactive dating uses which concept to determine age?
• What term describes how plants are affected by the length of daylight, influencing flowering and other seasonal processes?
• Which hormone is primarily associated with fruit ripening?
• In deuterostomes, which structure forms from the blastopore?
• Which pairing correctly matches the SI unit to the quantity it measures?
• Which pathway yields one ATP and two NADPH per glucose, along with pyruvate production?
• In the data set {2, 2, 3, 5, 9}, which statistic is the mode?
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?
• What characterizes the Cambrian Explosion?
• What do banded iron formations indicate about early Earth’s oceans?
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is best described as which type of RNA?
• During the gametophyte generation, haploid cells undergo mitosis to produce gametes.
• Pleiotropy refers to?
• What distinguishes absolute dating from relative dating?
• Regression analysis is best described as which of the following?
• Oligonucleotides are formed by linking the phosphate groups of individual nucleotides. This is an example of which type of polymer?
• Which pathway is described as glycolysis that produces one ATP, two NADPH, and two pyruvate per glucose?
• Which experiment demonstrated abiotic synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors?
• What happens when a stop codon is encountered during translation?
• Bisexual flowering plants have all parts on one flower.
• Which term describes an educated guess that is not yet proven?
• Georges Cuvier contributed to science by?
• Codons in the genetic code specify how many amino acids?
• During pollination, after pollen lands on the stigma, what happens next?
• During DNA replication, which enzyme removes RNA primers?
• Where are new cells formed through mitosis and growth occurs?
• Karyotype is?
• What is the primary function of nerve cells?
• Which term correctly describes the dominant multicellular stage in fungi, green algae, and many protozoa?
• DNA replication begins with the separation of base pairs that have only two hydrogen bonds. Which base pairing is this?
• An allele is:
• Cardiac muscle cells are best described as:
• A characteristic of vascular plants is that they have true roots, stems, leaves, and xylem.
• Abscisic acid generally acts to
• Which statement best distinguishes genotype from phenotype?
• What is Pangaea?
• Which of the following is a seed component that becomes the new plant?
• Which statement about purine bases is true?
• Which item is a model used to explain something on a smaller scale?
• Which SI unit measures luminous intensity?
• Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• Which tissue transports food downward in plants?
• A codon is composed of how many nucleotides?
• What is the start codon used to initiate translation in mRNA?
• Which statement best describes incomplete dominance?
• Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments on which strand that are later joined?
• The mean is another term for which concept?
• Which biome is typically found in temperate regions with distinct seasons?
• What regulates gas exchange in leaves and opens in light?
• Insects comprise about what fraction of all animal species?
• Which Moon phase rises at midnight and sets at noon?
• Photosynthesis is defined as using sunlight to make food.
• Islets of Langerhans are endocrine clusters in the pancreas that secrete which hormones?
• 1 AU equals about how many kilometers?
• Which characteristic is associated with Phylum Chordata in the source material?
• Which type of evolution is described as two species that start out different and evolve to share similar traits?
• In Phylum Chordata, the thoracic cavity houses which organs?
• A bottleneck event leads to which genetic consequence?
• Which statement correctly explains why ice floats on liquid water?
• Which SI unit measures thermodynamic temperature?
• In the five-kingdom classification, Mammalia corresponds to which taxonomic rank?
• The female part of a flower consists of the pistil, which includes the stigma, style, and ovary.
• Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots.
• Cambium tissue in stems promotes secondary growth. What kind of growth does the cambium enable?
• Which form of asexual reproduction involves offspring that begin as a growth on the parent's body?
• Which statement about pyrimidine bases is true?
• Parthenogenesis is best described as virgin birth, where eggs develop without fertilization.
• The Krebs cycle includes reactions that release carbon dioxide.
• Polygenic inheritance involves?
• Describe Earth's formation.
• Anabolic reactions are best described as which of the following?
• Which blood component is primarily involved in clotting?
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the family?
• Which meristem tissue in stems promotes secondary growth, increasing girth?
• Capillary action in water is enabled by which property?
• Plagiotropic growth refers to growth at right angles to the main axis, often producing what?
• Which statement about myelination in the peripheral nervous system is true?
• Which statement about random errors in data is true?
• Incomplete dominance is illustrated by pink flowers in crosses between red and white. Which statement correctly describes this concept?
• What best defines a scientific theory?
• What is the primary use of a graticule on a microscope slide?
• Mass extinction refers to which scenario?
• Which scientist independently developed a theory of evolution and believed in transmutation of species (one develops into another)?
• Which molecule carries amino acids to the corresponding codons on the mRNA strand during translation?
• Which structure of a nerve cell is primarily responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?
• In DNA replication, which term describes the region of DNA that is unwound to serve as the template for replication?
• Luminosity class indicators use Roman numerals; which class indicates a supergiant?
• What is the streak of light from a meteoroid called?
• Purine bases end with which suffix?
• Which statement best describes skeletal muscle?
• Spermatophytes include plants that use seeds to reproduce; gymnosperms and angiosperms are included.
• Lenticels are pores in branches that allow gas exchange.
• Adaptive radiation is best described as what?
• Which phylum is an example of protostomes with mouths forming from the blastopore?
• A comet is described as:
• In embryonic development, which stage is formed by the fusion of two gametes?
• What is the general term for growth in response to a stimulus in plants?
• Which statement best describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
• Dark matter is a theoretical form of matter proposed to explain what phenomenon?
• Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies stay constant if there is no mutation, the population is large, mating is random, there is no migration, and no natural selection. Which option reflects these conditions?
• In geotropic growth, which statement correctly describes positive and negative geotropism?
• According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, how are alleles contributed to offspring?
• Which embryonic stage is a ball-like mass of 16-32 cells produced by mitotic divisions of the zygote?
• RNA synthesis during transcription proceeds in which direction?
• Which scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA double helix and helping explain how DNA replicates?
• They flower when daylight hours are long.
• Cytokinins are mainly involved in which process?
• The sidereal day is the time required for Earth to rotate once relative to distant stars. How long is this sidereal day approximately?
• Approximately how many insect species have been described, and what fraction of the animal kingdom do insects represent?
• Which statement best defines fermentation in cellular metabolism?
• What is the dark inner region of a shadow during an eclipse called?
• Which statement best describes how axial tilt affects seasons?
• Which part of a neuron transmits an impulse to another cell?
• Which of the following is an example of a protostome phylum where the mouth forms from the blastopore?
• Which tissue type binds, supports, protects, stores fat, and fills space, and can be loose or fibrous?
• Which National Science Education Standard emphasizes understanding the nature of science?
• What is a nucleoside?
• Which statement about skeletal muscle nuclei is correct?
• Osmosis is the movement of which substance across a selectively permeable membrane?
• In the five-kingdom human classification, what is the genus?
• What does the endosymbiotic theory propose?
• In a dihybrid cross, what is the typical genotype ratio?
• What tool did Leeuwenhoek famously use to observe microorganisms?
• Which National Science Education Standards focuses on understanding how we know what we know in science?
• Locus is:
• What is the approximate composition of Earth's atmosphere?
• Which scientist was the first to observe single-celled organisms with a homemade magnifying glass, observing bacteria, yeast, plants and other microscopic organisms?
• Which genetic mechanism did McClintock demonstrate in maize?
• Which concept describes sudden changes due to catastrophic events, as proposed by Georges Cuvier?
• Which statement describes viruses?
• Order of the Sun's internal structure from the center outward.
• Aggregate fruits are produced from many ovaries on one flower. Which option lists the correct type of formation?
• Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the animal kingdom?
• Which characteristic is commonly cited as evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
• Nerve cells transmit impulses through which parts of the nervous system?
• Which item is a simple fruit formed from one ovary?
• Perihelion refers to the point in Earth's orbit that is